Italy Heads of State
Sergio Mattarella, President
- Full Name: Sergio Mattarella
- Assumed Office: 3 February 2015
- Political Party: DC (Before 1994); PPI (1994–2002); DL (2002–2007); PD (2007–2008); Independent (2008–present)
- Predecessor: Giorgio Napolitano
- Born: 23 July 1941
- Birth Place: Palermo, Kingdom of Italy
- Alma Mater: Sapienza University
- Spouse(s): Marisa Chiazzese (2012 her death)
- Children: 3: Laura, Bernardo Giorgio, and Francesco
Giorgio Napolitano, President
- Full Name: Giorgio Napolitano
- Assumed Office: 15 May 2006
- Left Office: 14 January 2015
- Political Party: PCI (1945–1991); PDS (1991–1998); DS (1998–2006); Independent (2006–present)
- Predecessor: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
- Successor: Sergio Mattarella
- Born: 29 June 1925
- Birth Place: Naples, Campania, Kingdom of Italy
- Alma Mater: University of Naples Federico II
- Spouse(s): Clio Maria Bittoni (m. 1959)
- Children: 2
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President
- Full Name: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
- Assumed Office: 18 May 1999
- Left Office: 15 May 2006
- Political Party: PdA (1943–1947); Independent (1947–2016)
- Predecessor: Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
- Successor: Giorgio Napolitano
- Born: 9 December 1920
- Birth Place: Livorno, Tuscany, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 16 September 2016
- Death Place: Rome, Latium, Italy
- Alma Mater: Scuola Normale of Pisa
- Spouse(s): Franca Pilla (m. 1946)
- Children: 2
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President
- Full Name: Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
- Assumed Office: 28 May 1992
- Left Office: 15 May 1999
- Political Party: DC (1946–1992); Independent (1999–2007); Near to PD (2007–2012)
- Predecessor: Francesco Cossiga
- Successor: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
- Born: 9 September 1918
- Birth Place: Novara, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 29 January 2012
- Death Place: Rome, Lazio, Italy
- Alma Mater: Milan's Università Cattolica
- Spouse(s): Maria Inzitari (m. 1943, 1944 her death)
- Children: 1
Francesco Cossiga, President
- Full Name: Francesco Cossiga
- Assumed Office: 3 July 1985
- Left Office: 28 April 1992
- Political Party: DC (1945–1992); UDR (1998–1999); UpR (1999–2001); Independent (2001–2010)
- Predecessor: Sandro Pertini
- Successor: Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
- Born: 26 July 1928
- Birth Place: Sassari, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 17 August 2010
- Death Place: Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, Rome, Lazio, Italy
- Alma Mater: University of Sassari
- Spouse(s): Giuseppa Sigurani (m. 1960, div. 1998)
- Children: 2, including Giuseppe
Sandro Pertini, President
- Full Name: Alessandro "Sandro" Pertini
- Assumed Office: 9 July 1978
- Left Office: 29 June 1985
- Political Party: PSU (1922–1930); PdA (1930–1945); PSI (1945–1990)
- Predecessor: Giovanni Leone
- Successor: Francesco Cossiga
- Born: 25 September 1896
- Birth Place: Stella, Liguria, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 24 February 1990
- Death Place: Rome, Lazio, Italy
- Alma Mater: University of Genoa
- Spouse(s): Carla Voltolina
- Previous Positions: President of the Chamber of Deputies (5 July 1968 – 4 June 1976); Secretary of the Italian Socialist Party (1 August 1945 – 18 December 1945)
Giovanni Leone, President
- Full Name: Giovanni Leone
- Assumed Office: 29 December 1971
- Left Office: 15 June 1978
- Political Party: Christian Democracy
- Predecessor: Giuseppe Saragat
- Successor: Sandro Pertini
- Born: 3 November 1908
- Birth Place: Naples, Campania, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 9 November 2001
- Death Place: Rome, Latium, Italy
- Alma Mater: University of Naples
- Spouse(s): Vittoria Micchitto (m. 1946)
- Previous Positions: Prime Minister of Italy (24 June 1968 – 12 December 1968); (21 June 1963 – 4 December 1963); President of the Chamber of Deputies (10 May 1955 – 21 June 1963)
Giuseppe Saragat, President
- Full Name: Giuseppe Saragat
- Assumed Office: 29 December 1964
- Left Office: 29 December 1971
- Political Party: Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930); Italian Socialist Party (1930–1947); Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1988)
- Predecessor: Antonio Segni
- Successor: Giovanni Leone
- Born: 19 September 1898
- Birth Place: Turin, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 11 June 1988
- Death Place: Rome, Lazio, Italy
- Alma Mater: University of Turin
- Spouse(s): Giuseppina Bollani (1961 her death)
- Previous Positions: Minister of Foreign Affairs (4 December 1963 – 22 July 1964); Deputy Prime Minister of Italy (10 February 1954 – 19 May 1957 and 1 June 1947 – 27 January 1950)); President of the Constituent Assembly (25 June 1946 – 6 February 1947)
Antonio Segni, President
- Full Name: Antonio Segni
- Assumed Office: 11 May 1962
- Left Office: 6 December 1964
- Political Party: Christian Democracy
- Predecessor: Giovanni Gronchi
- Successor: Giuseppe Saragat
- Born: 2 February 1891
- Birth Place: Sassari, Sardinia, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 1 December 1972
- Death Place: Rome, Latium, Italy
- Alma Mater: Universities of Pavia, Perugia; Cagliari; Sassari University
- Spouse(s): Laura Carta Camprino (m. 1921–1972)
Giovanni Gronchi, President
- Full Name: Giovanni Gronchi
- Assumed Office: 11 May 1955
- Left Office: 11 May 1962
- Political Party: Italian People's Party (1919–1926); Christian Democracy (1943–1978)
- Predecessor: Luigi Einaudi
- Successor: Antonio Segni
- Born: 10 September 1887
- Birth Place: Pontedera, Tuscany, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 17 October 1978
- Death Place: Rome, Lazio, Italy
- Alma Mater: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
- Spouse(s): Carla Bissatini (m. 1941)
- Previous Positions: President of the Chamber of Deputies (8 May 1948 – 29 April 1955); Minister of Industry and Trade (18 June 1944 – 1 July 1946)
Luigi Einaudi, President
- Full Name: Luigi Einaudi
- Assumed Office: 12 May 1948
- Left Office: 11 May 1955
- Political Party: Italian Liberal Party
- Predecessor: Enrico De Nicola
- Successor: Giovanni Gronchi
- Born: 24 March 1874
- Birth Place: Carrù, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 30 October 1961
- Death Place: Rome, Latium, Italy
- Alma Mater: University of Turin
- Spouse(s): Ida Pellegrini
- Children: Giulio
- Previous Positions: Deputy Prime Minister of Italy (1 June 1947 – 24 May 1948); Minister of the Budget (6 June 1947 – 24 May 1948); Governor of the Bank of Italy (5 January 1945 – 11 May 1948)
Enrico De Nicola, President
- Full Name: Enrico De Nicola
- Assumed Office: 28 June 1946
- Left Office: 12 May 1948
- Political Party: Italian Liberal Party
- Predecessor: None
- Successor: Luigi Einaudi
- Born: 9 November 1877
- Birth Place: Naples, Campania, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 1 October 1959
- Death Place: Torre del Greco, Campania, Italy
- Alma Mater: University of Naples Federico II
- Previous Positions: President of the Chamber of Deputies (26 June 1920 – 25 January 1924)
Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, Head of the House of Savoy
- Full Name: Vittorio Emanuele
- Reign: 18 March 1983 – Present
- Predecessor: Umberto II of Italy
- Successor: NA
- Born: 12 February 1937
- Birth Place: Naples, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: NA
- Spouse(s): Marina Ricolfi-Doria (m. 1971)
- Children: Prince Emanuele Filiberto; Prince of Venice
Umberto II of Italy, King
- Full Name: Umberto II
- Reign: 9 May 1946 – 12 June 1946
- Predecessor: Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
- Successor: Monarchy Abolished (Enrico De Nicola as President)
- Born: 15 September 1904
- Birth Place: Castle of Racconigi, Racconigi, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 18 March 1983
- Death Place: Geneva, Switzerland
- Internment: Hautecombe Abbey, France
- Spouse(s): Princess Marie José of Belgium (m. 1930)
- Children: Princess Maria Pia; Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples; Princess Maria Gabriella; Princess Maria Beatrice
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, King
- Full Name: Victor Emmanuel III
- Reign: 29 July 1900 – 9 May 1946
- Predecessor: Umberto I of Italy
- Successor: Umberto II of Italy
- Born: 11 November 1869
- Birth Place: Naples, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 28 December 1947
- Death Place: Alexandria, Kingdom of Egypt
- Internment: Sanctuary of Vicoforte, Vicoforte, Italy
- Spouse(s): Elena of Montenegro
- Children: Princess Yolanda, Countess of Bergolo; Mafalda, Landgravine of Hesse; Umberto II of Italy; Giovanna, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria; Maria Francesca, Princess of Bourbon-Parma
Umberto I of Italy, King
- Full Name: Umberto I
- Reign: 9 January 1878 – 29 July 1900
- Predecessor: Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
- Successor: Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
- Born: 14 March 1844
- Birth Place: Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia
- Died: 29 July 1900
- Death Place: Monza, Kingdom of Italy
- Internment: Pantheon, Rome, Kingdom of Italy
- Spouse(s): Margherita of Savoy
- Children: Victor Emmanuel III
Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, King
- Full Name: Victor Emmanuel II
- Reign: 17 March 1861 – 9 January 1878
- Predecessor: Napoleon
- Successor: Umberto I of Italy
- Born: 14 March 1820
- Birth Place: Palazzo Carignano, Turin, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
- Died: 9 January 1878
- Death Place: Quirinal Palace, Rome, Kingdom of Italy
- Internment: Pantheon, Rome, Italy
- Spouse(s): Adelaide of Austria (m. 1842; 1855 her death);
Rosa Vercellana (m. 1869) - Children: Maria Clotilde; Umberto; Amadeo; Oddone Eugenio Maria; Maria Pia; Carlo Alberto; Vittorio Emanuele; Vittorio Emanuele; Vittoria Guerrieri; Emanuele Alberto Guerrieri; Emanuela Maria Alberta Vittoria di Roverbella; Vittorio di Rho; Maria Pia di Rho; Donato Etna; Savoiarda
- Previous Positions: King of Sardinia; Duke of Savoy (23 March 1849 – 17 March 1861)
Napoleon, King
- Full Name: Napoleon Bonaparte
- Coronation: 26 May 1805 Milan Cathedral, Italy
- Reign: 17 March 1805 – 11 April 1814
- Predecessor: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
- Born: 15 August 1769
- Birth Place: Ajaccio, Corsica, France
- Died: 5 May 1821
- Death Place: Longwood, Saint Helena, United Kingdom
- Internment: Les Invalides, Paris, France
- Spouse(s): Joséphine de Beauharnais (m. 1796; div. 1810);
Marie Louise of Austria (m. 1810) - Children: Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles; Charles Leon
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Charles V
- Coronation: 22 February 1530 Italy
- Reign: 22 February 1530 – 16 January 1556
- Predecessor: Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Napoleon
- Born: 24 February 1500
- Birth Place: Prinsenhof of Ghent, Habsburg Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire
- Died: 21 September 1558
- Death Place: Monastery of Yuste, Crown of Castile, Spain
- Internment: El Escorial, Spain
- Spouse(s): Isabella of Portugal (m. 1526; 1539 her death)
- Children: Philip II of Spain; Maria; Ferdinand; Joanna; John; Margaret of Austria; Joanna of Austria; Tadea of Austria; John of Austria
- Previous Positions: Archduke of Austria (12 January 1519 – 21 April 1521)
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Frederick III
- Reign: 16 March 1452 – 19 August 1493
- Predecessor: Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 21 September 1415
- Birth Place: Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Died: 19 August 1493
- Death Place: Linz, Austria
- Internment: St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, Austria
- Spouse(s): Eleanor of Portugal
- Children: Christoph; Maximilian; Helene; Kunigunde; Johannes
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Sigismund
- Reign: 1431 – 9 December 1437
- Predecessor: Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 15 February 1368
- Birth Place: Nuremberg, Kingdom of Germany
- Died: 9 December 1437
- Death Place: Znojmo, Kingdom of Bohemia, Czech Republic
- Internment: Nagyvarad (now Oradea, Romania)
- Spouse(s): Mary of Hungary;
Barbara of Celje - Children: Elisabeth of Bohemia
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Charles IV
- Coronation: 6 January 1355, Milan (Italian); 5 April 1355, Rome (imperial)
- Reign: 1355 – 29 November 1378
- Predecessor: Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 14 May 1316
- Birth Place: Prague, Czech Republic
- Died: 29 November 1378
- Death Place: Prague, Czech Republic
- Internment: St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague, Czech Republic
- Spouse(s): Blanche of Valois; Anne of Bavaria; Anna von Schweidnitz; Elizabeth of Pomerania
- Children: Margaret of Bohemia; Catherine of Bohemia; Wenceslaus; Elisabeth of Bohemia; Wenceslaus; Anne of Bohemia; Sigismund; John of Görlitz; Margaret of Bohemia; Henry
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Louis IV
- Coronation: 31 May 1327 (Milan, Italy)
- Reign: 31 May 1327 – 11 October 1347
- Predecessor: Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 1 April 1282
- Birth Place: Munich, Germany
- Died: 11 October 1347
- Death Place: Puch, near Furstenfeldbruck, Germany
- Internment: Frauenkirche, Munich, Germany
- Spouse(s): Beatrix of Świdnica;
Margaret II, Countess of Holland - Children: Mathilde; Daughter; Louis V the Brandenburger; Anna; Agnes; Stephen II; Margaret; Anna; Louis VI the Roman; Elisabeth; William V of Holland; Agnes; Albert I of Holland; Otto V the Bavarian; Beatrix; Louis
Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Henry VII
- Coronation: 6 January 1311, Milan, Italy
- Reign: 6 January 1311 – 24 August 1313
- Predecessor: Conrad IV of Germany
- Successor: Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: c. 1274
- Birth Place: Valenciennes, County of Hainaut, Italy
- Died: 24 August 1313
- Death Place: Buonconvento, Italy
- Internment: Duomo di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Spouse(s): Margaret of Brabant
- Children: John, King of Bohemia; Marie, Queen of France; Beatrice, Queen of Hungary
Conrad IV of Germany, King
- Full Name: Conrad IV
- Reign: May 1237 – 21 May 1254
- Predecessor: Henry (VII) of Germany
- Successor: Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 25 April 1228
- Birth Place: Andria, Kingdom of Sicily, Italy
- Died: 21 May 1254
- Death Place: Lavello, Basilicata, Italy
- Internment: Messina Cathedral, Italy
- Spouse(s): Elisabeth of Bavaria
- Children: Conradin
Henry (VII) of Germany, King
- Full Name: Henry (VII)
- Reign: 1220–1235
- Predecessor: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Conrad IV of Germany
- Born: 1211
- Died: 12 February 1242
- Death Place: Martirano, Calabria, Kingdom of Sicily, Italy
- Internment: Cosenza, Calabria, Kingdom of Sicily, Italy
- Spouse(s): Margaret of Austria
- Children: 2 sons, Henry and Frederick, both died at a young age
- Previous Positions: King of Sicily (1212–1217)
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Frederick II
- Coronation: 9 December 1212 (Mainz, German coronation); 22 November 1220 (Rome, Papal Coronation)
- Reign: 5 December 1212 – 13 December 1250
- Predecessor: Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Henry (VII) of Germany
- Born: 26 December 1194
- Birth Place: Iesi, Italy
- Died: 13 December 1250
- Death Place: Castel Fiorentino, Sicily, Italy
- Internment: Cathedral of Palermo, Italy
- Spouse(s): Constance of Aragon (1209–1222);
Isabella II of Jerusalem (1225–1228);
Isabella of England (1235–1241);
Bianca Lancia (1250) - Children: Henry (VII); Margareta; Conrad IV; Jordan; Agnes; Henry; Margaret; Constance (Anna); Manfred; Violante; Frederick of Pettorano; Enzo of Sardinia; Caterina da Marano; Frederick of Antioch; Selvaggia; Richard of Chieti; Blanchefleur; Margaret of Swabia; Gerhard
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Otto IV
- Reign: 1208–1212
- Predecessor: Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 1175
- Birth Place: Braunschweig, Germany
- Died: 19 May 1218
- Death Place: Harzburg, Germany
- Internment: Brunswick Cathedral, Germany
- Spouse(s): Beatrice of Hohenstaufen;
Marie of Brabant
Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Henry VI
- Coronation: 21 January 1186, Milan
- Reign: 21 January 1186 – 28 September 1197
- Predecessor: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: November 1165
- Birth Place: Nimwegen, Germany
- Died: 28 September 1197
- Death Place: Messina, Italy
- Internment: Palermo Cathedral, Italy
- Spouse(s): Constance I of Sicily
- Children: Frederick II
Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Frederick Barbarossa
- Coronation: 24 April 1155, Pavia
- Reign: 1155 – 10 June 1190
- Predecessor: Conrad III of Germany
- Successor: Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 1122
- Died: 10 June 1190
- Death Place: Saleph River, Cilician Armenia
- Internment: Church of St Peter, Antioch Cathedral of Tyre, Lebanon Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey
- Spouse(s): Adelheid of Vohburg;
Beatrice of Burgundy - Children: Beatrice; Frederick V; Henry VI; Conrad; Gisela; Otto I; Conrad II; Renaud; William; Philip of Swabia; Agnes
- Previous Positions: Duke of Swabia (6 April 1147 – 4 March 1152)
Conrad III of Germany, King
- Full Name: Conrad III
- Coronation: 1128, Milan
- Reign: 1128–1135
- Predecessor: Roger II of Sicily
- Successor: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 1093
- Died: 15 February 1152
- Death Place: Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany
- Internment: Bamberg Cathedral, Germany
- Spouse(s): Gertrude of Comburg; Gertrude of Sulzbach
- Children: Henry Berengar; Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia
Roger II of Sicily, King
- Full Name: Roger II
- Coronation: 25 December 1130
- Reign: 27 September 1130 – 26 February 1154
- Predecessor: Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Conrad III of Germany
- Born: 22 December 1095
- Birth Place: Mileto (Calabria), Italy
- Died: 26 February 1154
- Death Place: Palermo, Kingdom of Sicily, Italy
- Internment: Cathedral of Palermo, Sicily, Italy
- Spouse(s): Elvira of Castile; Sibylla of Burgundy; Beatrice of Rethel
- Children: Roger III, Duke of Apulia; Tancred, Prince of Bari; Alfonso of Capua; William I of Sicily; Constance I of Sicily; Simon, Prince of Taranto
Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Lothair III
- Reign: 1125 – 4 December 1137
- Predecessor: Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Roger II of Sicily
- Born: Before 9 June 1075
- Birth Place: Lutterloh, Duchy of Saxony, Germany
- Died: 4 December 1137
- Death Place: Breitenwang, Tyrol, Duchy of Bavaria, Germany
- Internment: Konigslutter, Germany
- Spouse(s): Richenza of Northeim
- Children: Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Henry V
- Reign: 1098 – 23 May 1125
- Predecessor: Conrad II of Italy
- Successor: Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: c. 11 August 1086
- Birth Place: Goslar, Saxony, Germany
- Died: 23 May 1125
- Death Place: Utrecht, Germany
- Internment: Speyer Cathedral, Germany (body); Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht, Germany (heart and bowels)
- Spouse(s): Matilda of England (m. 1114)
- Children: Bertha (illegitimate daughter)
Conrad II of Italy, King
- Full Name: Conrad II
- Reign: 1093–1098
- Predecessor: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 12 February 1074
- Died: 27 July 1101
- Internment: Santa Reparata in Florence, now superseded by Santa Maria del Fiore, Italy
- Previous Positions: Duke of Lower Lorraine (1076–87)
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Henry IV
- Reign: 5 October 1056 – December 1105
- Predecessor: Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Conrad II of Italy
- Born: 11 November 1050
- Birth Place: Imperial Palace of Goslar, Saxony, Germany
- Died: 7 August 1106
- Death Place: Liège, Lower Lorraine, Germany
- Internment: Speyer Cathedral, Germany
- Spouse(s): Bertha of Savoy (m. 1066, 1087 her death);
Eupraxia of Kiev (m. 1089, div. 1095) - Children: Agnes of Waiblingen; Conrad II of Italy; Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Henry III
- Reign: 4 June 1039 – 5 October 1056
- Predecessor: Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 29 October 1017
- Died: 5 October 1056
- Death Place: Bodfeld, Germany
- Internment: Imperial Palace of Goslar, Germany (heart); Speyer Cathedral, Germany (body)
- Spouse(s): Gunhilda of Denmark;
Agnes of Poitou - Children: Beatrice; Adelaide II; Gisela; Matilda; Henry; Conrad; Judith; Azela
Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Conrad II
- Coronation: March 31, 1026 Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan
- Reign: 1026 – 4 June 1039
- Predecessor: Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 990
- Birth Place: Speyer, Lower Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire
- Died: 4 June 1039
- Death Place: Utrecht, Germany, Holy Roman Empire
- Internment: Speyer Cathedral, Germany
- Spouse(s): Gisela of Swabia (m. 1016)
- Children: Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor; Matilda of Franconia
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Henry II
- Coronation: May 15, 1004 Pavia, Kingdom of Italy
- Reign: 15 May, 1004 – 13 July, 1024
- Predecessor: Arduin of Ivrea
- Successor: Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 6 May 973
- Birth Place: Abbach, Bavaria, Germany, Holy Roman Empire
- Died: 13 July 1024
- Death Place: near Gottingen, Germany, Holy Roman Empire
- Internment: Bamberg Cathedral, Germany
- Spouse(s): Cunigunde of Luxembourg
- Previous Positions: Duke of Bavaria (28 August 995 – 21 March 1004, 1009 – December 1017)
Arduin of Ivrea, King
- Full Name: Arduin
- Reign: 15 February 1002–1014
- Predecessor: Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: c. 955
- Birth Place: Pombia, Kingdom of Italy
- Died: 14 December 1015
- Death Place: Abbey of Fruttuaria, Italy
- Internment: Abbey of Fruttuaria, Italy
- Spouse(s): Bertha
- Children: Arduin; Otto; Guibert
Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Otto III
- Reign: 12 April 996 – 23 January 1002
- Predecessor: Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Arduin of Ivrea
- Born: June/July 980
- Birth Place: Klever Reichswald near Kessel, Kingdom of Germany
- Died: 23 January 1002
- Death Place: Faleria, Holy Roman Empire
- Internment: Aachen Cathedral, Germany
Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Otto II
- Reign: 25 December 980 – 7 December 983
- Predecessor: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
- Successor: Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 955
- Birth Place: Saxony, Kingdom of Germany
- Died: 7 December 983
- Death Place: Rome, Holy Roman Empire
- Internment: St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican
- Spouse(s): Theophanu
- Children: Adelheid I; Sophie I; Matilda; Otto III; and a daughter, a twin to Otto, who died before October 8, 980
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, King
- Full Name: Otto I
- Coronation: 10 October 951 Pavia
- Reign: 25 December 961 – 7 May 973
- Predecessor: Adalbert of Italy
- Successor: Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 23 November 912
- Birth Place: Wallhausen, East Francia
- Died: 7 May 973
- Death Place: Memleben, Holy Roman Empire
- Internment: Magdeburg Cathedral, Germany
- Spouse(s): Eadgyth of England (930–946);
Adelaide of Italy (951–973) - Children: William; Archbishop of Mainz; Liutgarde of Saxony; Liudolf, Duke of Swabia; Matilda, Abbess of Quedlinburg; Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
Adalbert of Italy, King
- Full Name: Adalbert
- Reign: 950 – 963
- Predecessor: Berengar II of Italy
- Successor: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
- Born: 932×936
- Died: 971×975
- Spouse(s): Gerberga
- Children: Otto-William
Berengar II of Italy, King
- Full Name: Berengar II
- Reign: 950 – 961
- Predecessor: Lothair II of Italy
- Successor: Adalbert of Italy
- Born: c. 900
- Died: 4 August 966
- Death Place: Bamberg Castle, March of the Nordgau, Kingdom of Germany
- Spouse(s): Willa of Tuscany
- Children: Adalbert of Italy; Guy of Ivrea; Conrad of Ivrea; Rozala of Italy
Lothair II of Italy, King
- Full Name: Lothair II
- Reign: 945 – 950
- Predecessor: Hugh of Italy
- Successor: Berengar II of Italy
- Born: 926/8
- Died: 22 November 950
- Death Place: Turin, Italy
- Spouse(s): Adelaide
- Children: Emma
Hugh of Italy, King
- Full Name: Hugh
- Reign: 926 – 947
- Predecessor: Rudolph II of Burgundy
- Successor: Lothair II of Italy
- Born: c. 880
- Died: 947
- Spouse(s): Willa of Provence; Alda or Hilda; Marozia; Bertha of Swabia
- Children: Alda of Vienne; Lothair; Hubert; Bertha; Boso; Rotlind or Rolend; Tebald; Geoffrey
Rudolph II of Burgundy, King
- Full Name: Rudolph II
- Reign: 922 – 926
- Predecessor: Louis the Blind
- Successor: Hugh of Italy
- Born: c. 880
- Died: 11 July 937
- Internment: Abbey of St. Maurice, Agaunum
- Spouse(s): Bertha of Swabia
- Children: Conrad I of Burgundy; Adelaide of Italy
Louis the Blind, King
- Full Name: Louis
- Reign: 900 – 905
- Predecessor: Lambert of Italy
- Successor: Rudolph II of Burgundy
- Born: c. 880
- Birth Place: Provence, France
- Died: 5 June 928
- Death Place: Vienne, Provence, France
- Spouse(s): Anna
- Children: Charles-Constantine
Lambert of Italy, King
- Full Name: Lambert
- Reign: 896 – 898
- Predecessor: Berengar I
- Successor: Louis the Blind
- Born: c. 880
- Died: 15 October 898
- Death Place: Spinetta Marengo, Italy
- Internment: Piacenza, Italy
Berengar I, King
- Full Name: Berengar I
- Reign: 896 – 924
- Predecessor: Arnulf of Carinthia
- Successor: Lambert of Italy
- Born: c. 845
- Died: 7 April 924
- Death Place: Verona, Italy
- Spouse(s): Bertila of Spoleto; Anna
- Children: Bertha; Gisela
Arnulf of Carinthia, King
- Full Name: Arnulf
- Reign: 894 – 899
- Predecessor: Lambert of Italy
- Successor: Berengar I
- Born: c. 850
- Died: 8 December 899
- Death Place: Ratisbon, Duchy of Bavaria, East Francia (now Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany)
- Internment: St. Emmeram's Basilica, Ratisbon
- Spouse(s): Ota; Oda of West Francia; Vinburge
- Children: Louis the Child; Ratold of Italy; Zwentibold; Glismut of Carinthia; Hedwig of Carinthia
Lambert of Italy, King
- Full Name: Lambert
- Reign: 891 – 896
- Predecessor: Guy III of Spoleto
- Successor: Arnulf of Carinthia
- Born: c. 880
- Died: 15 October 898
- Death Place: Spinetta Marengo, Italy
- Internment: Piacenza, Italy
Guy III of Spoleto, King
- Full Name: Guy III
- Reign: 889 – 894
- Predecessor: Berengar I
- Successor: Lambert of Italy
- Died: 12 December 894
- Death Place: Taro River, Italy
- Internment: Parma Cathedral, Italy
- Spouse(s): Ageltrude
- Children: Lambert
Berengar I, King
- Full Name: Berengar I
- Reign: 888 – 896
- Predecessor: Charles the Fat
- Successor: Guy III of Spoleto
- Born: c. 845
- Died: 7 April 924
- Death Place: Verona, Italy
- Spouse(s): Bertila of Spoleto; Anna
- Children: Bertha; Gisela
Charles the Fat, King
- Full Name: Charles III
- Coronation: 12 April 880, Ravenna
- Reign: 22 March 880 – 11 November 887
- Predecessor: Carloman of Bavaria
- Successor: Berengar I
- Born: 13 June 839
- Birth Place: Donaueschingen, East Francia, Carolingian Empire
- Died: 13 January 888
- Death Place: Neidingen, East Francia, Carolingian Empire
- Internment: Abbey of Reichenau, Lake Constance (now Germany)
- Spouse(s): Richardis of Swabia (m. 862)
- Children: Bernard (illegitimate)
Carloman of Bavaria, King
- Full Name: Carloman
- Reign: 877 – 879
- Predecessor: Charles II the Bald
- Successor: Charles the Fat
- Born: c. 830
- Died: 22 March 880
- Internment: Otting, Bavaria
- Spouse(s): Liutswind
- Children: Arnulf
Charles II the Bald, King
- Full Name: Charles II
- Reign: 875 – 877
- Predecessor: Louis II
- Successor: Carloman of Bavaria
- Born: 13 June 823
- Died: 6 October 877
- Internment: Abbey of Saint-Denis
- Spouse(s): Ermentrude of Orleans; Richilde of Provence
- Children: Judith; Louis the Stammerer; Charles the Child; Lothair the Lame; Carloman; Rotrude; Ermentrud; Hildegarde; Gisela; Godehilde; Rothilde; Drogo; Pippin; a son (born and died 875); and Charles
Louis II, King
- Full Name: Louis II
- Reign: 844 – 875
- Predecessor: Lothair I
- Successor: Charles II the Bald
- Born: 825
- Died: 12 August 875
- Death Place: Ghedi, Italy, Carolingian Empire
- Internment: Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan
- Spouse(s): Engelberga
- Children: Ermengard of Italy
Lothair I, King
- Full Name: Lothair I
- Coronation: 817, Aachen; 5 April 823, Rome
- Reign: 818 – 855
- Predecessor: Bernard of Italy
- Successor: Louis II
- Born: 795
- Died: 29 September 855
- Death Place: Prum, Westeifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
- Internment: Prum, Westeifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
- Spouse(s): Ermengarde of Tours
- Children: Louis II; Hiltrude; Bertha; Gisela; Lothair II; Rotrude; Charles and Carloman
- Previous Positions: Governor of Bavaria (815–817)
Bernard of Italy, King
- Full Name: Bernard
- Reign: 810 – 818
- Predecessor: Pepin of Italy
- Successor: Lothair I
- Born: 797
- Birth Place: Vermandois, Picardy, France
- Died: 17 April 818
- Death Place: Aachen, Rhineland, Germany
- Internment: Milan, Lombardy, Italy
- Spouse(s): Cunigunda of Laon
- Children: Pepin, Count of Vermandois
Pepin of Italy, King
- Full Name: Pepin
- Coronation: 781
- Reign: 781 – 810
- Predecessor: Charlemagne
- Successor: Bernard of Italy
- Born: April 773
- Died: 8 July 810
- Children: Adelaide; Atala; Gundrada; Bertha; and Tetrada
Charlemagne, King
- Full Name: Charlemagne
- Coronation: 10 July 774 Pavia
- Reign: 10 July 774 – 28 January 814
- Predecessor: Desiderius
- Successor: Pepin of Italy
- Born: 2 April 742, 747 or 748
- Birth Place: Frankish Kingdom
- Died: 28 January 814
- Death Place: Aachen, Francia (now Germany)
- Internment: Aachen Cathedral
- Spouse(s): Desiderata (m. circa 770; annulled 771);
Hildegard of Vinzgouw (m. 771);
Fastrada (m. circa 783);
Luitgard (m. circa 794; 800 her death) - Children: Pippin the Hunchback; Charles the Younger; Carloman, renamed Pippin; Adalhaid; Rotrude; Louis; Lothair; Bertha; Gisela; Hildegarde; Adaltrude; Ruodhaid; Theodrada;Hiltrude; Drogo; Hugh; Richbod; Theodoric
Desiderius, King
- Full Name: Desiderius
- Reign: 756 – 774
- Predecessor: Aistulf
- Successor: Charlemagne
- Died: 786 AD
- Spouse(s): Ansa
- Children: Anselperga; Adelperga; Liutperga; Desiderata; Adelchis
Aistulf, King
- Full Name: Aistulf
- Reign: 749 – 756
- Predecessor: Ratchis
- Successor: Desiderius
- Died: December 756
- Spouse(s): Gisaltruda
Ratchis, King
- Full Name: Ratchis
- Reign: 744 – 749
- Predecessor: Hildeprand
- Successor: Aistulf
- Died: After 757
- Spouse(s): Tassia
- Previous Positions: Duke of Friuli (739 – 744)
Hildeprand, King
- Full Name: Hildeprand
- Reign: 744
- Predecessor: Liutprand, King of the Lombards
- Successor: Ratchis
- Died: After 744
Liutprand, King of the Lombards, King
- Full Name: Liutprand
- Reign: 712 – 744
- Predecessor: Ansprand
- Successor: Hildeprand
- Died: 744
- Death Place: Pavia, Italy
- Internment: San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro
- Spouse(s): Agilolfing Guntrud
- Children: Liutprand
- Previous Positions: Duke of Asti
Ansprand, King
- Full Name: Ansprand
- Reign: 712
- Predecessor: Aripert II
- Successor: Liutprand, King of the Lombards
- Born: c. 657
- Died: 712
- Previous Positions: Duke of Asti
Aripert II, King
- Full Name: Aripert II
- Reign: 702 – 712
- Predecessor: Raginpert
- Successor: Ansprand
Raginpert, King
- Full Name: Raginpert
- Reign: 701
- Predecessor: Liutpert
- Successor: Aripert II
- Died: 701
- Children: Aripert
- Previous Positions: Duke of Turin (671–701)
Liutpert, King
- Full Name: Liutpert
- Reign: 700 – 701; 701 – 702
- Predecessor: Cunincpert
- Successor: Raginpert
- Died: 702
Cunincpert, King
- Full Name: Cunincpert
- Reign: 688 – 700
- Predecessor: Alahis
- Successor: Liutpert
- Died: 700
- Children: Liutpert
Alahis, King
- Full Name: Alahis
- Reign: 688 – 689
- Predecessor: Perctarit
- Successor: Cunincpert
- Died: 689
- Previous Positions: Duke of Trent; Duke of Brescia
Perctarit, King
- Full Name: Perctarit
- Reign: 671 – 688
- Predecessor: Grimoald, King of the Lombards
- Successor: Alahis
- Died: 688
- Spouse(s): Rodelinde
- Children: Cunincpert; Wigilinda
Grimoald, King of the Lombards, King
- Full Name: Grimoald
- Reign: 662 – 671
- Predecessor: Godepert
- Successor: Perctarit
- Born: c. 610
- Died: 671
- Spouse(s): Theodota
- Children: Romuald; Garibald
- Previous Positions: Duke of Benevento (647–662)
Godepert, King
- Full Name: Godepert
- Reign: 661 – 662
- Predecessor: Aripert I
- Successor: Grimoald, King of the Lombards
- Died: 662
- Death Place: Pavian palace, the Reggia
- Children: Raginpert
Aripert I, King
- Full Name: Aripert I
- Reign: 653 – 661
- Predecessor: Rodoald
- Successor: Godepert
- Children: Perctarit; Godepert
Rodoald, King
- Full Name: Rodoald
- Reign: 652 – 653
- Predecessor: Rothari
- Successor: Aripert I
- Born: c. 637
- Died: 653
Rothari, King
- Full Name: Rothari
- Reign: 636 – 652
- Predecessor: Arioald
- Successor: Rodoald
- Born: c. 606
- Died: 652
- Children: Rodoald
- Previous Positions: Duke of Brescia
Arioald, King
- Full Name: Arioald
- Reign: c. 626 – 636
- Predecessor: Adaloald
- Successor: Rothari
- Spouse(s): Gundeberga
- Previous Positions: Duke of Turin (590 – 626)
Adaloald, King
- Full Name: Adaloald
- Reign: c. 616 – c. 626
- Predecessor: Agilulf
- Successor: Arioald
- Born: 602
- Died: 628
- Death Place: Ravenna, Kingdom of Italy
Agilulf, King
- Full Name: Agilulf
- Reign: 591 – 616
- Predecessor: Authari
- Successor: Adaloald
- Born: c. 555
- Died: April 616
- Death Place: Milan, Neustria, Lombard Kingdom
- Spouse(s): Theodelinda
- Children: Adaloald; Gundeberga
Authari, King
- Full Name: Authari
- Reign: 584 – 590
- Predecessor: Cleph
- Successor: Agilulf
- Born: c. 540
- Died: 5 September 590
- Death Place: Pavia, Neustria, Lombard Kingdom
- Spouse(s): Theodelinda
Cleph, King
- Full Name: Cleph
- Reign: 572 – 574
- Predecessor: Alboin
- Successor: Authari
- Died: 574
- Children: Authari
Alboin, King
- Full Name: Alboin
- Reign: 560/565 – 572
- Predecessor: Teia
- Successor: Cleph
- Born: 530s
- Birth Place: Pannonia, Western Roman Empire
- Died: 28 June 572
- Death Place: Verona, Italy
- Internment: Verona, Italy
- Spouse(s): Chlothsind; Rosamund
- Children: Albsuinda
Teia, King
- Full Name: Teia
- Reign: 552 – 553
- Predecessor: Totila
- Successor: Alboin
- Died: late 552/early 553
- Death Place: Mons Lactarius (modern Monti Lattari), Campania, Italy
Totila, King
- Full Name: Totila
- Coronation: 541
- Reign: 541 – 552
- Predecessor: Eraric
- Successor: Teia
- Died: July 1, 552
- Death Place: Taginae, Italy
Eraric, King
- Full Name: Eraric
- Reign: 541
- Predecessor: Ildibad
- Successor: Totila
- Died: 541
Ildibad, King
- Full Name: Ildibad
- Reign: 540 – 541
- Predecessor: Witiges
- Successor: Eraric
- Died: May 541
Witiges, King
- Full Name: Witiges
- Reign: 536 – 540
- Predecessor: Theodahad
- Successor: Ildibad
- Died: 542
- Spouse(s): Matasuntha
Theodahad, King
- Full Name: Theodahad
- Reign: 534 – 536
- Predecessor: Athalaric
- Successor: Witiges
- Born: c. 480
- Birth Place: Tauresium, Eastern Roman Empire
- Died: December 536
- Spouse(s): Gudeliva
Athalaric, King
- Full Name: Athalaric
- Reign: 526 – 534
- Predecessor: Theoderic the Great
- Successor: Theodahad
- Born: 516
- Died: 2 October 534
Theoderic the Great, King
- Full Name: Theoderic
- Reign: 15 March 493 – 30 August 526
- Predecessor: Odoacer
- Successor: Athalaric
- Born: 454
- Birth Place: near Carnuntum (now in Lower Austria), Western Roman Empire
- Died: 30 August 526
- Death Place: Ravenna, Ostrogothic Kingdom
- Spouse(s): Audofleda
- Children: Amalasuntha; Theodegotha; Ostrogotho
Odoacer, King
- Full Name: Flavius Odoacer
- Reign: 476 – 493
- Successor: Theoderic the Great
- Born: c. 433
- Birth Place: Pannonia, Western Roman Empire
- Died: 15 March 493
- Death Place: Ravenna, Kingdom of Italy
- Spouse(s): Sunigilda
- Children: Thela
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